Travel terminology pdf

There is also interest in pilgrimage to St. Also known as food tourism, culinary tourism is the pursuit of unique and memorable eating and drinking experiences, both near and far. It is now considered a vital component of the tourism experience. A form of niche tourism marketed to gay, lesbian, bisexual and transgender LGBT people. They are usually open about their sexual orientation and gender identity but may be more or less open when traveling; for instance they may be closeted at home or if they have come out, may be more discreet in areas known for violence against LGBT people.

The act of visiting a city or town, to see a music festival or other music performances. This sort of tourism is particularly important to small villages such as Glastonbury, as well as large cities like Glasgow. A package tour or package holiday comprises transport and accommodation advertised and sold together by a vendor known as a tour operator.

Other services may be provided such a rental car, activities or outings during the holiday. Transport can be via charter airline to a foreign country, and may also include travel between areas as part of the holiday. The act of traveling to locations featured in literature, TV , film, music, or any other form of popular entertainment. Also commonly referred to as faith tourism, religious tourism is where people travel individually or in groups for pilgrimage, missionary, or leisure fellowship purposes.

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For questions on access or troubleshooting, please check our FAQs , and if you can''t find the answer there, please contact us. All Rights Reserved. Under the terms of the licence agreement, an individual user may print out a PDF of a single entry from a reference work in OR for personal use for details see Privacy Policy and Legal Notice. Oxford Reference. Publications Pages Publications Pages. Double occupancy — the way in which almost all cruise fares and tour packages are quoted, that is, based on two people traveling together.

Most hotel rooms are quoted based on two adults to a room. Double-occupancy rate — The price per person for a room to be shared with another person; the rate most frequently quoted in tour brochures. Double-room rate — The full price of a room for two people twice the double-occupancy rate. Downgrade — To move to a lesser level of accommodations or a lower class of service. Driver guided tours — A driver guided tour is a tour guided by an individual that operates a vehicle while providing commentary in a front-line position who leads participants individual or groups on tours, ensures that itineraries are followed, provides commentary in an informative and entertaining manner, and creates positive experiences for tour participants.

Driver-guide — A tour guide who does double duty by driving a vehicle while narrating. Drop-off charge — the fee added to a car rental when the vehicle is returned to a city other than where it was originally rented. In some states, there is no drop off fee most of the time, such as in Florida.

Duty-free imports — Item amounts and categories specified by a government that are fee of tax or duty charges when brought into the country. Early Check-In — A perk that allows a guest to check in at an earlier time than the standard check-in time. Economic impact study — Research into the dollars generated by an industry and how these dollars impact the economy through direct spending and the indirect impact of additional job creation and the generation of income and tax revenue.

Ecotour — A tour designed to focus on preserving the environment, or to environmentally sensitive areas. Educational tour — A tour designed around an educational activity, such as studying art. What may look like a ticket is actually just a paper passenger receipt.

E-tickets cannot be lost, or used by anyone else, so they are safer than standard paper tickets, which may soon become extinct. One drawback is that e-tickets on one carrier cannot be honored by another, so in a cancelled-flight snafu, the original carrier must print hard copy tickets before another airline can accept them.

This presents major paperwork problems for the affected carrier. End suite — in the hotel industry, indicates that a certain feature s is directly in the room, or adjacent to that room.

English breakfast — basic meal of cereal, juice, eggs, meats, and other beverages. Environmental scanning — The process of monitoring important forces in the business environment for trends and changes that may impact a company.

Escorted group tour — A group tour that features a tour director who travels with the group throughout the trip to provide sightseeing commentary and coordinate all group movement and activities. Escrow accounts — Funds placed in the custody of licensed financial institutions for safekeeping. Estuary — A body of water connecting a flowing river and a larger body, such as a sea or ocean.

Because it is the transition point. Ethnicity — A term that groups people together with a similar cultural identity; unlike terms such as nationality, ethnicity is more ambiguous. Ethno-Tourism — Focusing on exploration of indigenous populations and their respective culture and traditions. E-Ticket — Regarding transportation, especially on airlines, an electronic ticket, or e-ticket, is the digital version of a paper ticket, issued via email.

Excursion — a side trip from a main destination, usually at added cost and optional. Excursion Fare — special airline fares with restrictions such as minimum and maximum stays. Exotic Travel — Exotic travel refers to a category of travel that is strikingly, excitingly and mysteriously different or unusual. Exotic travel is travel that is completely different than what a traveler is accustomed to and is highly subjective in nature.

Experiential Travel — Experiential travel is also known as immersion travel and is a form of tourism in which people focus on experiencing a country, city or particular place by connecting to its history, people and culture.

It is most often used when the marketing problem is ambiguous. Extension — A fully arranged sub-tour offered optionally at extra cost to buyers of a tour or cruise. FAM familiarization tour — A free or reduced-rate trip offered to travel professionals to acquaint them with what a destination, attraction, or supplier has to offer. Familiarity Tour — A familiarity tour as used in the travel industry it is a tour of a travel destination, travel accommodation, travel activity or travel mode airline, cruise, ground transportation to familiarize a travel advisor and provide knowledge and direct experience with the product or service so they can better serve their clients.

Family plan — offered by most hotels, allow children to stay in the same room as parents, at no additional charge. Age requirements vary between hotels. Family Vacation — a family vacation is a travel category referring to travel involving family members. It is also commonly referred to as multi-generational travel. Familymoon — A neologism term used to describe a type of honeymoon a newlywed couple can make along with their children from previous relationships.

The OTA then fulfills the ticket. Aggregators generate revenues through advertising and charging OTAs for referring clients. Fare Basis — the letters and numbers assigned to a specific fare like an identification number.

Final Boarding Call — Last call to board before the jet bridge closes and the flight departs, leaving late passengers stranded. First class — The class which offers the most premium service. Enhanced seating, meal selection, and drink offerings staples of this services. First Officer — Pilot who is second in command. The pilot in the cockpit sitting on the right with 3 stripes. Fishing Trips and tours — a fishing trip or fishing tour is a travel tour category where groups of fisherman are provided guided tours and typically lodging with the overall purpose of catching fish.

FIT — foreign independent tour — actually used generically now for a travel package put together by a travel agent from separate components such as car, hotel and airfare, adjusted exactly as the traveler wishes.

It now is more commonly used as an acronym for Flexible Independent Travel. It describes a type of travel or tourism that does not incorporate a packaged tour but is nonetheless customized by a travel-selling professional.

Fjord — a narrow inlet from the ocean, usually bounded by cliffs, and with spectacular scenery. Most are located in Alaska, Norway, and New Zealand. Flight Crew — Sometimes called the aircrew, the flight crew consists of everyone hired by the airlines on a flight, including pilots, pursers, and flight attendants. Fly-drive package — a travel package featuring airfare, rental car, and perhaps hotels. Usually less expensive than booking each separately.

Also referred to as a guest bill or guest statement. Fore — Directional term. Towards the front of the craft, lengthwise, such as the bow of a ship or the nose of a plane. Opposite of aft. Frequent Flier Program — A program that a traveler can enroll in that earns them rewards such as free flights on a particular airline for being a loyal customer of that airline.

Frequent Independent travel F. Function room — A special room that is used primarily for private parties, banquets, and meetings. Also called banquet rooms. Also, the use of a single flight number for an itinerary that really involves a connection with two separate flight numbers, thus making the itinerary appear to be a direct flight with a change of aircraft as opposed to a connection.

Just call it a connection and be done with it. On a plane, the galley may be a small affair with a simple arrangement and a few carts. Gate-Airport — The specific area in an airport where passengers board a plane for a flight.

Gates are located in concourses. A GDS also makes some or all of these functions available to subscribing travel agents, booking engines, and airlines. Global distribution system GDS — An international computer reservation system that accesses many databases of suppliers, airlines, etc.

Graduation travel — graduation travel is a milestone category of travel which refers to travel celebrating a graduation typically from high school or college.

Group — several persons, usually 10 or more, traveling together. Group travel is often available at discounted rates. Group leader — An individual who has been given the responsibility of coordinating tour and travel arrangements for a group. The group leader may act as a liaison to a tour operator or may develop a tour independently and sometimes serve as the tour director. Group Rate — A negotiated rate on travel, perhaps a stay or vacation plan, that incentivizes for a large crowd or group that books together.

Group tour — A travel package for an assembly of travelers that has a common itinerary, travel date, and transportation. Group tours are usually prearranged, prepaid, and include transportation, lodging, dining, and attraction admissions. See also escorted group tour. Group Travel — group travel refers to a category of travel with a group arranged by an outside company or organization or travel with a group of friends and family that you have organized yourself. Some groups are small, private and escorted, while others large.

Guaranteed share — a cruise term that promises that a companion will be found for a single passenger, at a special rate. That rate will be honored even if the cruise line is unable to find a cabin mate. The rate is usually the going double-rate at that time, and is much less than the single person rate for that cabin. Guaranteed tour — A tour guaranteed to operate unless canceled before an established cutoff date usually 60 days prior to departure.

Guest houses — a guest house is a private house offering accommodations to paying guests. Guest ranch — a guest ranch, also known as a dude ranch, is a type of ranch oriented towards visitors or tourism. It is considered a form of agritourism. Guide or guide service — A person or company qualified to conduct tours of specific localities or attractions.

Half pension — a hotel rate that includes breakfast and one other meal, usually dinner. Hard-copy — a printed version of a document, such as an airline ticket or hotel voucher.

Head tax — Fee charged for arriving and departing passengers in some foreign countries. Hidden-city ticketing — another airline no-no; buying a ticket from A to C with a stop in B. The passenger gets off at B, which was the intended destination anyway. High season — the time of year when a destination gets the greatest crowds, and thus can increase hotel and rental car rates, etc. As an example, summertime is high season for travel to Europe just check the airfares!

Hiking Trips and tours — a hiking trip or hiking tour is a category of travel vacation or getaway where the traveler is walking or hiking as the major mode of transportation. Honeymoon Travel — Honeymoon travel is a category of travel where a newly married couple travels while celebrating their marriage. Hosted group tour — A group tour that features a representative the host of the tour operator, destination, or other tour provider, who interacts with the group only for a few hours a day to provide information and arrange for transportation.

The host usually does not accompany the group as it travels. Hotel — a hotel is an establishment providing accommodations, meals, and other services for travelers and tourists. Hub — an airport or city in which an airline has a major presence and many flights to other destinations. As an example, Delta has a hub in Atlanta. Many carriers use the hub-and-spoke system to maximize profits by keeping the aircraft in the air as much as possible.

Flights to the hub are many, and from there flights too many other destinations are scheduled. Hub-and-spoke itinerary — A travel routing design that uses a central destination as the departure and return point for day trips to outlying destinations and attractions. Hurricane season — in the Caribbean primarily, and the Southeastern US, a period from June through October during which such storms are likely to occur.

Inbound operator — A receptive operator that usually serves groups arriving from another country. Inbound tour — A tour for groups of travelers whose trip originates in another location, usually another country.

Incentive tour — A trip offered as a prize, particularly to stimulate the productivity of employees or sales agents. Incidental Charge — Items and services billed to a room after their use, such as movies, phone calls, etc. Incidentals — Charges incurred by the participants of a tour, but which are not included in the tour price. Inclusive tour — a package tour that bundles transportation, accommodations, transfers, sightseeing, possibly some meals, etc. Independent tour — A travel package in which a tour operator is involved only with the planning, marketing, and selling of the package, but is not involved with the passengers while the tour is in progress.

In-flight Service — Entertainment movies, television, etc. Inside cabin — a stateroom aboard ship that has no window. Sometimes smaller, but at times the same size as an outside cabin. Intercontinental — Having to do with two continents. In travel, transit from one continent to another. Not to be confused with transcontinental.

Intermodal tour — A tour that uses several forms of transportation, such as a plane, motorcoach, cruise ship, and train. International Air Transport Association — International airline industry trade group, headquartered in Montreal, Canada, with executive offices in Geneva, Switzerland.

International Date Line — at degrees longitude, the date on one side of this imaginary line, running from the north to the South Pole, is different from the other. The line runs through the Pacific Ocean, and because of it, it is possible to leave one destination on one day, and arrive in another the day before. International Rate Desk — Utilizes all available resources to ensure the lowest fare for your selected itinerary, including splitting tickets, consolidator fares, and available discounts.

Jet Bridge — An enclosed, movable connector which extends from a terminal gate to a plane, allowing passengers to board and disembark without having to go outside. Jones Act — a law dating back to , that forbids foreign-flagged ships from carrying passengers between US ports with no foreign port stops in-between. Jump Seat — A flight term referring to an auxiliary extra seat for persons who are not operating the aircraft, such as the cabin crew or perhaps a trainee. Knot — a nautical measure of speed equaling approx.

A ship traveling at 15 knots is traveling at about 22 mph. Kph — kilometers-per-hour — land speed measurement in most other countries. Land arrangements — all the details of a land portion of a trip hotel, car, tours, sightseeing, etc. Land Destinations — A land destination or travel destination is a place to which one is journeying, typically for its inherent or exhibited natural or cultural value, historical significance, natural or built beauty, offering leisure, adventure and amusement.

Land Transfers — travel by train, bus, limo or taxi to and from an accommodation, plane or cruise ship. Land-only — a rate that does NOT include airfare; usually includes most other land-based charges such as accommodations, transfers, taxes, and perhaps other optional items like theme park tickets, rental care, etc. Late booking fee — a fee due if travel arrangement are made at the last minute. Normally covers express delivery of documents and other last-minute arrangements that may have to be made by a tour operator.

Late Checkout — A more exclusive perk for some guests that allow a few extra hours to check out from the normal hours. Latitude — imaginary horizontal lines of angular distance, measured in degrees north or south of the equator. Layover — a period of time spent during a trip, sometimes overnight, while waiting for a transportation connection — usually a change of planes. LDW — loss damage waiver — additional insurance pertaining to car rentals, covering theft and vandalism in addition to accident damage.

Lead-in price — the lowest available price for a travel product, often pertaining to cabins on a cruise ship. Usually, there are only a few staterooms available on board each cruise liner in this category, but often better accommodations are only slightly higher in price. Rock-bottom price shoppers normally insist on these rates, though they sell out quickly. Travel for pleasure as opposed to business. Letter of agreement — A letter from the buyer to the supplier accepting the terms of the proposal.

Lido deck — usually the deck on a cruise ship that surrounds the pool area. Load factor — The number of passengers traveling on a vehicle, vessel, or aircraft compared to the number of available seats or cabins.

Locater map — A map of an area or a city, showing locations of attractions and hotels. Lodging — Any establishment that provides shelter and overnight accommodations to travelers. Low season — the period when a destination experiences its lowest prices and the fewest number of guests. Lower bed — in a cruise stateroom, the bed s on the floor as opposed to the higher bunks uppers , if any.

On many ships, two lowers can be arranged to make a king or queen bed. Lowest available fare — the current, lowest airfare available for purchase right then. Lowest fare — the lowest published airfare between two cities; may not have seats available at that fare, as the airlines usually have a limited number of those seats on any given flight.

Luxury class — the most expensive, high-class accommodations or category of fare. Luxury Cruise — Luxury cruises are the most comfortable and convenient way to see the world. Ships are usually smaller in size so the ratio of crew and staff to guests is generally higher than other cruise ships offering that premium service and attention to detail to be expected of exquisite vacations.

Luxury travel — while luxury travel is completely subjective to the traveler, it can be loosely defined at travel that constitutes the state of great comfort and extravagant living.

Luxury vacations — a luxury vacation is a vacation that encompasses a state of great comfort and extravagant living. Macro-environment — The broad forces in society and the business world that impact most companies. Market demand — The amount of a specific product or service that may be purchased during a certain period of time in a particular geographic area.

Market forecast — The realistic demand within a given time period for the products produced by all companies within a certain industry or product category. Marketing mix — The 4 Ps of marketing- product, price, promotion, place distribution. Marketing plan — A written report that details marketing objectives for a product or service, and recommends strategies for achieving these objectives. Marketing research — The function that links the consumer, customer, and public to the marketer through the systematic gathering and analyzing of information.

Markup pricing — Pricing a product by adding a standard markup to costs. Also called cost-plus pricing. Markup — A percentage added to the cost of a product to achieve a selling price. Master account — The guest account for a particular group or function that will be paid by the sponsoring organization. See folio. Maximum stay — The longest period of time a traveler can stay at a particular destination and still qualify for the promotion or discounted fare.

Media — Communications channel such as broadcast radio, TV , print newspapers, magazines, direct mail , outdoor billboards , and multimedia Internet. Meet-and-greet service — A pre-purchased service for meeting and greeting clients upon arrival in a city, usually at the airport, pier, or rail station, and assisting clients with entrance formalities, collecting baggage, and obtaining transportation.

Microenvironment — Those forces close to a company that impact operations and marketing programs. Midships — Directional term. Amidships, sometimes termed midships, is the center of the vessel or aircraft. Minimum connect time — defined as the minimum time necessary between connecting flights — 30 minutes domestically, usually — ideally, at least an hour.

The shortest time required in order to successfully transfer to a connecting flight. It is recommended to select a connecting flight that exceeds the minimum connection time. Mission statement — The concise description of what an organization is, its purpose, and what it intends to accomplish.

Modified American plan MAP — meal plan that includes two daily meals, usually breakfast and dinner. Motorcoach tour operators — Tour operators that own their own motorcoaches. Motorcoach Tour — A tour that features the motorcoach as the form of transportation to and from destinations. Motorcoach — A large, comfortable bus that can transport travelers and their luggage long distances. Multi-day tour — A travel package of two or more days.

Most multi-day tours are escorted, all-inclusive packages. Multigenerational Travel — multigenerational travel is a travel category referring to travel with parents, siblings, kids, grandkids, and assorted family members with the goal to broaden horizons, provide opportunities to reconnect and provide an enriching assortment of shared experiences.

Nautical Mile — Unit of length that is about one minute of arc of latitude along any meridian, but is approximately one minute of arc of longitude. Air-Sea distance measurement of approx. Negotiated Rate — A discounted rate offered to a company based on the volume of business you agree to provide the selected vendor.

Net fare, net rate — Implies the commission has already been added to the price of the fare. Net wholesale rate — A rate usually slightly lower than the wholesale rate, applicable to groups of individuals when a hotel is specifically mentioned in a tour brochure.

The rate is marked up by wholesale sellers of tours to cover distribution and promotion costs. Niche market — A highly specialized segment of the travel market, such as an affinity group with a unique special interest.

A guest with confirmed reservations who does not arrive and whose reservation was not canceled. Non Stop Flight — Do not land in between your departure and arrival destinations. San Francisco to New York. Non-refundable — a fare that cannot be refunded either in cash or via a credit card credit; very seldom is there an exception.

Nonstop — A flight that travels directly to its destination without connections or layovers. Non-transferable — A ticket that can only be used by the person who was originally scheduled to fly at the time of purchase. Objective and task method — A process for creating a promotion budget that sets objectives first, then defines the tasks needed to achieve those objectives, and then commits funds necessary to perform the tasks.

Occupancy rate — the percent of hotel rooms expected to be filled during a specific time period. Occupancy — The percentage of available rooms occupied for a given period. It is computed by dividing the number of rooms occupied for a period by the number of rooms available for the same period. Offline connection — a change of aircraft also involving a change of carriers. Off-peak — A less expensive time to travel as result of lower consumer volume during these periods.

Onsite — An on-site is an expert travel provider that lives in the country they serve and has firsthand knowledge and long-standing relationships with all aspect of travel in their country. Open jaw — a trip in during which there is no travel by air between two cities, such as a flight to Washington DC, then travel by rental car to Charlotte, NC, then a return by air from Charlotte back to the original departure city. Open return — an air ticket with no return date specified.

Rarely done these days, usually quite expensive and not allowed on most discounted fares. Open-end question — A question that allows the respondent to provide a free-response answer. Open-jaw itinerary — A travel routing design that departs from one location and returns to another. For example, travelers may fly into one city and depart from another one. Or a traveler may purchase round-trip transportation from the point of origin to one destination, at which another form of transportation is used to reach a second destination, where the traveler resumes the initial form of transportation to return to the point of origin.

Operations — Performing the practical work of operating a tour or travel program. Operator — a company providing transportation or travel related services airline, cruise line, railway, hotel, car Rental Company, etc. Option date — drop dead date on which a reservation must be deposited or cancellation will result. Optionals — Optional tour features that are not included in the base tour price, such as sightseeing excursions or special activities.

Outbound operator — A company that takes groups from a given city or country to another city or country. Outbound tour — A tour that takes travelers out of the area, usually from a domestic city to another country. Outside salesperson — job description of a travel agency employee who sells travel but is not based primarily in the agency location most of the time. Overbooking — the practice of selling more airline seats than are available on a specific flight, to make up for no-shows.

Usually backfires on the carrier and at times can create much consumer ill-will. To some extent, happens in the hotel industry as well. Overhead — Those fixed costs involved in regular operations, such as rent, insurance, management salaries, and utilities. Override — A commission over and above the normal base commission percentage. Packaged travel — A package in combination of two or more types of tour components into a product which is produced, assembled, promoted and sold as a package by a tour operator for an all-inclusive price.

Passenger facility charge PFC — a fee for the use of many airports, added in to the cost of an air ticket — another name for an additional tax on travelers. Can be expensive if you have waited until the last minute to obtain a travel visa. Patronage Program — A program that rewards the customer for loyalty and repeat purchase, such as frequent-flyer programs.

Also called the high season. Peninsula — A piece of land that is connected to a mainland or larger piece of land on only one side, while the other sides are surrounded by water. Personal effects coverage — Additional car rental insurance covering loss of personal property from the rented vehicle. Point-to-point — refers to the fares between two cities; the service between two cities without additional segments or any continuation.

Port — the place where a ship docks; a place visited by cruise ship; the left side of a vessel. Port of Debarkation — Port of Debarkation is the geographic point where personnel arrive on a cruise vessel. Port of Embarkation — Port of Embarkation is the geographic point where personnel depart on a cruise vessel. Port-Directional — When facing forward, the side of the ship or aircraft that is on the left. Porter — A person who handles luggage at an airport, train station, etc.

Positive space — space aboard a ship or aircraft that can be confirmed ahead of time. Post-Cruise Vacation — a post-cruise vacation is a vacation or getaway prior to a cruise in the town or region of the port of debarkation of the cruise. PPDO — per person, double occupancy. Most tours and cruises are quoted this way; the average cost to stay in a particular location per day.

Pre-Cruise Vacation — a vacation or getaway prior to a cruise in the town or region of the port of embarkation of the cruise. Pre-deduct commission — When a distributor such as a travel agent takes up front the commission on a sale and sends the supplier the balance of the sales price. Preferred Vendor — The vendor s a company specifies as their first choice for travelers.

Preformed group — A pre-existing collection of travelers, such as affinity groups and travel clubs, whose members share a common interest or organizational affiliation. Prepaid ticket advice — a form used when purchasing an air ticket to be picked up and used by someone else at another airport.

E-tickets have reduced the need for this greatly. Primary research — The collection of data specifically to solve the marketing problem at hand.

Prix fixe — meals offered at a fixed price, usually fairly low, consisting of several courses with no substitutions allowed. Common in Europe. Promotion mix — Promotion tools including advertising, direct marketing, sales promotion, and public relations. Promotional partnership — The combination of two or more companies to offer special incentives to customers.

Property — A specific lodging structure, such as a hotel, and the ground on which it is built. Property — A general term that may be used by a place of accommodation that denotes the facility.