The following examples show the more formal versions of the citations. If you consulted the article online, include a URL; include an access date only if your publisher or discipline requires one. If no author is identified, begin the citation with the article title. R: Kamp, David. R: Pollan. R: Choi, Mihwa. R: Adelman, Rachel. If a more formal citation is desired, it may be styled as in the examples below.
Because such content is subject to change, include an access date or, if available, a date that the site was last modified. In the absence of a date of publication, use the access date or last-modified date as the basis of the citation. R: Google. If a reference list entry is needed, cite the blog post there but mention comments in the text only.
If an access date is required, add it before the URL; see examples elsewhere in this guide. R: Posner, Richard. The first line should begin flush with the left margin, with following lines in the entry indented five spaces.
When page numbers are required, they should be separated by comma. Examples The examples cited below illustrate common material formats. Book One author R: Pollan, Michael.
IT: Ward and Burns , 52 For four or more authors, list all of the authors in the reference list; in the text, list only the first author, followed by et al. IT: Rieger , xx—xxi Book published electronically If a book is available in more than one format, cite the version you consulted. R:Austen, Jane. Pride and Prejudice. New York: Penguin Classics. Kindle edition. If all the quotes in the sentence are from the same source, you just need one citation; the footnote can appear at the end of the sentence.
Give a single page number if all the quotes are from the same page, or multiple page numbers in the order in which the quotes are cited if they come from different pages. For example:. What is the correct way to cite a biblical verse in text forChicago style? Secondly can I omit a end note or bibliography for the bible with Chicago style?
You can check out the article here for information about citing the Bible in Chicago style. You don't need to include the Bible in your bibliography, and citations of it can appear directly in the text, in parentheses, or in footnotes or endnotes—whatever you prefer.
What if I'm doing a book review? Should I still write the author's surname or just the page I'm quoting from? I'm afraid that I'm being redundant to state the obvious when I'm not writing about other sources. So from the example above, should I write Johnson , 23 or simply 23? To reduce this kind of redundancy when it's already clear what you're citing, the best approach is usually to include a full citation Johnson , 23 the first time you cite the source, then use just the page number for subsequent citations.
That said, if you cite other sources in between, or go a few paragraphs without citing the main source, you should then reintroduce the source with a full citation, just to avoid ambiguity. What I'm missing is how you reference a source with multiple names for the footnote in the example below:.
With multiple authors for one source, you do use a plural verb form, yes; you'd write e. What if I'm citing an edited book, for example my philosophy textbook has different philosophers and their work in one book. In this case, you cite the author of the specific chapter in your in-text citation, and include full details of both the chapter and the book in your bibliography or reference list.
You can see examples of citing a chapter in an edited book here. Have a language expert improve your writing. Check your paper for plagiarism in 10 minutes. Do the check. Generate your APA citations for free!
APA Citation Generator. The Chicago Manual of Style has two options for in-text citations: Author-date : you put your citations in parentheses within the text itself. Notes and bibliography : you put your citations in numbered footnotes or endnotes.
Author-date citation example Woolf , Footnote citation example 1. Other researchers Dale , 75—81; Valentine have weighed in on the topic more recently…. What can proofreading do for your paper? Website Book Book chapter Journal article This is an example of a full note , 1 and this is an example of a shortened note. New York: Free Press, , 75— Covey, 7 Habits , 75—7. John Jaimeson Toronto: Petlove Press, , When should I include page numbers in Chicago style citations?
What is the difference between a Chicago reference list and a bibliography? A reference list is used with Chicago author-date citations. A bibliography is used with Chicago footnote citations. In a bibliography entry, the year appears near the end of the entry the exact placement depends on the source type.
Do I have to include a bibliography or reference list? Andrew John, Rowena A. Pecchenino, and Stacey L. Rule: For subsequent citations of works with two or three authors, list the last names of all authors. If more than three authors, use "et al. Wilson and Parker, Waging Peace , Bailyn, Bernard, et al. Rule: For works with a government or corporate author, the name of the organization is used in place of the author's name. Rule: Writers need to give credit for words and ideas taken from others, even if the material used is not a direct quotation.
In this case, place the note indicator immediately after the final punctuation of the sentence containing the paraphrased material. No quotation marks are required if material is paraphrased. Bloom recognizes that Whitman's influence on Stevens' work was at least as strong as Emerson's. Rule: When referring to an image that is reproduced in an appendix, place the figure number of the image in parentheses at the end of the sentence. A full citation should be placed directly under the image where it appears in the appendix, and should be prefaced by a figure number.
Monet's Meadow with Haystacks at Giverny is an excellent example of impressionist painting fig. Claude Monet. Citing Information: In-Text Citations. For Exact Quotes Rule: Citations are provided in numbered footnotes at the bottom of the page containing the reference or endnotes at the end of the paper. Example: "The life and work of Henry James offer a wealth of impressions to readers with eyes for the unconventional: the author and many of his male characters defy stereotypes of masculinity, asking in their varied voices if culture allows for deviation.
Example: If a complete bibliography is included in the paper, the first reference to the above citation may be written: 1. Cannon, Henry James and Masculinity , 1. Examples: "The life and work of Henry James offer a wealth of impressions to readers with eyes for the unconventional: the author and many of his male characters defy stereotypes of masculinity, asking in their varied voices if culture allows for deviation" Kelly Cannon, Henry James and Masculinity: The Man at the Margins [New York: St.
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